Abbreviations and short references
Every abbreviation on the pages done so far. Löw = expanded from his own list (Bd. IV pp. 731–740); general = from general knowledge, not in his list; ? = not known.
| Abbreviation | Expansion | Kind | Basis | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 K. | 1 Kings | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| 1 S. | 1 Samuel (also 2 S. = 2 Samuel) | Primary source | general | I/194 |
| 2 S. | 2 Samuel | Primary source | general | I/194 |
| A. Epstein, Mikadmōnijjōt | Abraham Epstein, Miḳadmonijjōt ha-jĕhūdīm, Vienna 1887 | Bibliography | Löw | I/192 |
| a. O. | at the place cited (am angeführten Ort) | General | general | I/196, III/287, I/200 |
| Abot | Pirqe Abot (Mishnah tractate Avot) | Primary source | general | III/287 |
| Abu Salt | Abū ṣ-Ṣalt Umayya of Denia, treatise on simple drugs (Hebrew version) | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Abulw. | Abulwalīd Ibn Janāḥ, Kitāb al-uṣūl (Book of Hebrew Roots) | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| Abulwalīd | Abulwalīd Merwān ibn Ğanāḥ, Book of Hebrew Roots | Bibliography | general | I/196, I/192 |
| Albeck | Chanoch Albeck, co-editor of Bereshit Rabba (Theodor–Albeck), personal communication / commentary in the edition | Bibliography | general | I/197 |
| Albecks | Chanoch Albeck (co-editor of Bereshit Rabba), private communication | Bibliography | general | I/197 |
| Alfassi | Isaac Alfasi, Halakhot (Hilkhot ha-Rif) | Primary source | general | I/197 |
| Ar. | Aruch (here in the edition of M. J. Landau, Prague 1819 ff.; Löw's list gives Aruch ed. A. Kohut, Vienna 1878-1892) | Bibliography | Löw | III/287 |
| arab. | Arabic | General | general | I/194, I/191, I/199, I/200 |
| Arab. | Arabic | General | general | I/199 |
| aram. | Aramaic (aramäisch) | General | general | I/193, I/199 |
| Aruch | Aruch (Nathan b. Yeḥiel), ed. A. Kohut, Vienna 1878-1892 | Bibliography | Löw | I/192, I/199, I/200 |
| AS. | Ascherson and Schweinfurth, Illustration de la Flore d'Egypte, Le Caire 1887, Supplément 1889 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Ascherson | Paul Ascherson, in Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1882 | Bibliography | general | I/194 |
| Asher. | A. Asher, The Itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela, London/Berlin 1840-1841 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| Aßaf | Ludwig Venetianer, Asaf Judaeus, Straßburg I. II. 1916/17 | Bibliography | Löw | I/197, I/198 |
| Aßaf (161 Venetianer) | Ludwig Venetianer, Asaf Judaeus, Straßburg I-II, 1916/17 | Bibliography | Löw | I/197 |
| Aßafs | Asaf (Asaf Judaeus), medical book; cf. Ludwig Venetianer, Asaf Judaeus, Straßburg 1916/17 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194 |
| assyr. | Assyrian | General | general | I/193, I/198 |
| Ath. | Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae | Primary source | general | II/289 |
| Az. | Avodah Zarah (Talmud tractate) | Primary source | general | II/289 |
| b. | ben (son of) | General | general | I/196, I/197, I/200 |
| B. r. | Bereshit Rabba, ed. Theodor and Albeck, Berlin 1912 ff. | Primary source | Löw | I/193, I/197, II/289, I/191 |
| B. Zisik | B. Zisik (author of an article in Hasade 6) | Bibliography | ? | I/191 |
| BA. | Bar ʿAlī, Syriac-Arabic lexicon, ed. Hoffmann and ed. Gottheil, and citations in Payne Smith | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/195 |
| Bacher | Wilhelm Bacher (ed.), Sepher haschoraschim of Abulwalîd Merwân ibn Ganâh, Berlin 1896 | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Bacher, Prüfstein d. Men. b. Salomo | Wilhelm Bacher, Der Prüfstein des Menachem ben Salomo (Even boḥan), 1880s | Bibliography | general | I/200 |
| Bacher, Tanchum | Wilhelm Bacher, Aus dem Wörterbuche Tanchum Jeruschalmi's, Budapest 1903 | Bibliography | general | I/195, I/197 |
| Bb. | Bava Batra (Babylonian Talmud tractate) | Primary source | general | I/194, I/195 |
| BB. | Bar Bahlūl, Lexicon syriacum, ed. R. Duval, Paris 1896-1901 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/195, I/198, I/199 |
| Berggren ms. | Berggren manuscript of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft | Bibliography | Löw | I/195 |
| Bergsträsser | Gotthelf Bergsträsser, Neuaramäische Märchen und andere Texte aus Maʿlūla, Leipzig 1915; Glossar des neuaramäischen Dialekts von Maʿlūla, Leipzig 1921 | Bibliography | general | I/200 |
| Berliner | A. Berliner (ed.), Raschi: Commentar zum Pentateuch, Berlin 1866 | Bibliography | general | I/200 |
| bh. | Biblical Hebrew | General | general | I/196, I/192, I/200 |
| Bh. | Biblical Hebrew (biblisch-hebräisch) | General | general | I/192 |
| bibl. | biblical | General | general | I/197 |
| BJ. | Eliezer Ben Jehuda, Millōn (Thesaurus totius hebraitatis), Berlin 1912 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, II/289 |
| Bloch | Samson Bloch, Sĕbīlē ʿōlam, Zolkiew I-II, 1822, 1827 | Bibliography | Löw | I/195 |
| Boch. Hieroz. | Samuel Bochart, Hierozoicon, London 1663 | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Bochart | Samuel Bochart, Hierozoicon / Geographia sacra | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Bochart, Phaleg | Samuel Bochart, Geographia sacra, pars prior: Phaleg, Caen 1646 | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Bodenheimer | F. S. Bodenheimer, Kĕnīmat hamāgēn, Tel Aviv 1924 | Bibliography | Löw | I/195, I/191 |
| Boiss. | Pierre Edmond Boissier (botanical author) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Bornm. | Jos. Bornmüller, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora von Syrien und Palästina, Wien 1898 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Bornmüller | Jos. Bornmüller, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora von Syrien und Palästina, Wien 1898 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Buber | Salomon Buber (editor) | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Bugat | Caietanus Bugatus (Bugati), Daniel secundum editionem LXX interpretum ex codice Syro-Estranghelo Bibliothecae Ambrosianae, Milan 1788 | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Burton | Richard F. Burton, The Land of Midian (revisited), London 1879, vol. II, Appendix IV: Botany | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Card. | Gabriel Cardahi, Al-lobab, Syriac-Arabic dictionary, Beirut 1887 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194 |
| Cav. | Antonio José Cavanilles (botanical author) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Chajes, Onomatolog. | H. P. Chajes, Beiträge zur nordsemitischen Onomatologie, Vienna 1900 | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Chajim Sofer, Kōl Sofer | Chajim Sofer, Kol Sofer (commentary on the Mishnah), 1882 | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Codd. | codices (manuscripts) | General | general | I/197 |
| corrupt. | corrupted | General | general | I/197 |
| D. | J. E. Dinsmore, Die Pflanzen Palästinas, Leipzig 1911 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| d. | des (of the) | General | general | I/200 |
| d. h. | das heißt (that is) | General | general | I/193 |
| Dalechamps | Jacques Daléchamps, Historia generalis plantarum, Lyon 1586-1587 | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Dan. | Daniel (Book of Daniel, Greek additions) | Primary source | general | I/198 |
| Delitzsch HWB. | Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, Leipzig 1896 | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Dem. | tractate Demai | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| Derenbourg, Essai | Joseph Derenbourg, Essai sur l'histoire et la géographie de la Palestine d'après les Thalmuds et les autres sources rabbiniques, Paris 1867 | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Desf. | René Louiche Desfontaines (botanical author citation) | Bibliography | general | I/194 |
| Diosk. | Dioscorides, De materia medica | Primary source | Löw | I/197, I/198 |
| Dum. Cours. | Georges Louis Marie Dumont de Courset (botanical author) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Duval-Berth. | R. Duval and M. Berthelot, La chimie au moyen âge II: L'alchimie syriaque, Paris 1893 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194 |
| Dérenbourg | Joseph Derenbourg (probably Essai sur l'histoire et la géographie de la Palestine, Paris 1867) | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| E. Wiedem. | Eilhard Wiedemann, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Erlangen I-LXV, 1902-1921 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/196, I/197, I/199 |
| ed. | edition / edited by | General | general | I/200 |
| Edelm. | Kaftor waferaḥ, ed. Edelmann, Berlin 1852 | Bibliography | Löw | I/196 |
| Edrīzī | al-Idrīsī, Arab geographer (Nuzhat al-muštāq) | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Elia Levita | Elia Levita, Tishbi, Isny 1541 | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Emor | Parashat Emor (Leviticus 21-24), in Nachmanides' Torah commentary | Primary source | general | III/287 |
| Engelmann, Gloss. | W. H. Engelmann (and R. Dozy), Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l'arabe, Leiden 1861/1869 | Bibliography | general | I/199 |
| Engl. | Adolf Engler (botanical author) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Epstein, Miḳadm. | A. Epstein, Miḳadmonijjōt ha-jĕhūdīm, Vienna 1887 | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| Estori ha-Farḥī | Estori ha-Farḥi, Kaftor waferaḥ | Bibliography | Löw | I/196 |
| Etymolog. | etymological | General | general | I/192 |
| Ez. | Ezekiel | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| f | folio | General | general | I/196 |
| f. | and the following (page); also folio | General | general | I/194, I/195, I/196, III/287, I/198, I/199 |
| F. Perles neue Anal. | Felix Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments, Neue Folge, Leipzig 1922 | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| ff. | and the following (pages) | General | general | I/194 |
| Fisch. et Mey. | Fischer et Meyer (F. E. L. von Fischer and C. A. Meyer, botanical author citation) | General | general | I/195, I/191, I/198 |
| Flora | Immanuel Löw, Die Flora der Juden | Bibliography | general | I/193, I/196, I/199, I/200 |
| Fonck | Leopold Fonck, Streifzüge durch die biblische Flora, Freiburg i. Br. 1900 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Forsk. | Peter Forsskål, Flora aegyptiaco-arabica, Hauniae 1775 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Foureau | F. Foureau, Essai de catalogue des noms arabes et berbères de quelques plantes etc. cultivées en Algérie, Paris 1896 | Bibliography | Löw | I/191 |
| Fraenkel | Siegmund Fraenkel, Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen, Leiden 1886 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/196 |
| Friedm. | Sifre, ed. M. Friedmann, Vienna 1864 | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Furrer | Konrad Furrer, articles in Schenkel's Bibel-Lexikon | Bibliography | general | I/199 |
| GA. | responsa (Gutachten) | General | Löw | I/194 |
| Gal. | Galen, Opera omnia, ed. C. G. Kühn | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Gal.-Üb. | Syriac translation of Galen (Galen-Übersetzung) | Primary source | general | I/194, I/198, I/199 |
| Galen | Galen, Opera (ed. Kühn) | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Gaon. Cassel | Tĕšūbōt gĕōnīm ḳadmōnīm, ed. David Cassel, Berlin 1848 | Bibliography | Löw | II/289 |
| Geop. | Lagarde, Geoponicon in sermonem syriacum versorum quae supersunt, Leipzig-London 1860 | Bibliography | Löw | I/199 |
| Glossar | G. Bergsträsser, Glossar des neuaramäischen Dialekts von Maʿlūla, Leipzig 1921 | Bibliography | general | I/200 |
| Gn. | Genesis | Primary source | general | I/193, I/196, I/192, I/199, I/200 |
| Goldm. | Felix Goldmann, Der Ölbau in Palästina zur Zeit der Mišnah, Preßburg 1907 | Bibliography | Löw | II/289 |
| gr. | Greek | General | general | I/197, I/199 |
| Grätz, hebr. | Graetz, Geschichte (History of the Jews), Hebrew translation by S. P. Rabinowitz, I-VII, Warsaw 1890-1899 | Bibliography | Löw | III/287 |
| Grünbaum, Jüd.-span. Chrest. | Max Grünbaum, Jüdisch-spanische Chrestomathie, Frankfurt a. M. 1896 | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Grünhutschen | L. Grünhut, Die Reisebeschreibungen des R. Benjamin von Tudela, Jerusalem/Frankfurt a. M. 1903-1904 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| Grünhutschen Übersetzung | L. Grünhut, Die Reisebeschreibungen des R. Benjamin von Tudela, Jerusalem/Frankfurt a. M. 1903-1904 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| Guigues | P. Guigues, Le livre de l'art du Traitement de Najim Ad-Dyn Mahmoud, Beirut 1903 | Bibliography | Löw | I/193, I/195 |
| Guisius | Guisius, notes in the Mishnah edition of Surenhusius, Amsterdam I-VI, 1698-1703 | Bibliography | Löw | II/289 |
| H. | Christian Ferdinand Hochstetter (botanical author) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| H. Fischer, Wirtschaftsgeogr. von Syrien | H. Fischer, Wirtschaftsgeographie von Syrien, Berlin 1919 | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| H. Lulab | Hilkhot Lulav (Laws of the Lulav), Maimonides, Mishneh Torah | Primary source | general | III/287 |
| H. Sabb. | Hilkhot Shabbat (Laws of the Sabbath) in Maimonides' Mishneh Torah | Primary source | general | I/197 |
| Handjéri | Alexandre Handjéri, Dictionnaire français-arabe-persan et turc, Moscow 1840-1841 | Bibliography | general | I/199 |
| Hasade | Hasade, Hebrew agricultural monthly, Tel-Aviv 1921 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/195, I/191, I/192, I/198, I/200 |
| Haynald, Mézgák | Lajos Haynald, A szentírási mézgák és gyanták termőnövényei, Kolozsvár 1879 | Bibliography | Löw | I/195 |
| hebr. | Hebrew | General | general | III/287 |
| Hebr. | Hebrew | General | general | I/199 |
| Hehn | Victor Hehn, Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien, 8th ed., Berlin 1911 | Bibliography | Löw | I/195, I/198 |
| Hehn^{8} | Victor Hehn, Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien, 8th ed., Berlin 1911 | Bibliography | Löw | I/198 |
| Herschberg, Haëreg | A. S. Herschberg, Ḥajjē hatarbūt bejisrāēl I: Hāereg we-taăsijjat hāereg, Warsaw 1924 | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| Hex. | Syro-Hexapla (Syriac Hexaplaric version) | Primary source | general | I/198 |
| Hg. | Halachot gedolot, ed. Hildesheimer | Primary source | Löw | I/193 |
| Hif. | Hiphil (Hebrew verbal stem) | General | general | II/289 |
| Hitzig | Ferdinand Hitzig, Der Prophet Jesaja, Heidelberg 1833 | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Honein | Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq (Syriac/Arabic translator and lexicographer) | Bibliography | general | I/194, I/198 |
| Honeins | Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq (Syriac lexicographer/translator) | Bibliography | general | I/199 |
| Hos. | Hosea | Primary source | general | I/194 |
| Hübschmann | Heinrich Hübschmann, Armenische Grammatik I: Armenische Etymologie, Leipzig 1897 | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Ibn Bassām | Ibn Bassām, Arabic author on market supervision (ḥisba), cited in Wiedemann | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Ibn Esra | Abraham Ibn Ezra, commentary | Primary source | general | I/196, I/200 |
| Isidorus | Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae | Bibliography | general | I/199 |
| it. | Italian | General | general | I/196 |
| ital. | Italian | General | general | I/195 |
| j | Jerusalem Talmud, ed. Krotoschin | Primary source | Löw | I/200 |
| j Dem. | Jerusalem Talmud, tractate Demai, ed. Krotoschin | Primary source | Löw | I/193 |
| Jahrh. | century (Jahrhundert) | General | general | III/287 |
| Jakob v. Edessa | Jacob of Edessa, Syriac author | Bibliography | general | I/194 |
| Jastrow | Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targum, the Talmud etc., London and New York 1903 | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| jAz. | Jerusalem Talmud, tractate Avodah Zarah | Primary source | Löw | I/193 |
| Jer. | Jeremiah | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| jer. | Jerusalem (Palestinian) | General | general | I/199 |
| Jeremias ATAO^{3} | Alfred Jeremias, Das Alte Testament im Lichte des alten Orients, 3rd ed. | Bibliography | Löw | I/192 |
| Jes. | Isaiah | Primary source | general | I/194, II/289, I/192 |
| jGn. | Jerusalem Targum (Targum Yerushalmi) on Genesis | Primary source | general | I/194 |
| Jh. | century (Jahrhundert) | General | general | I/196 |
| jKil. | Jerusalem Talmud, tractate Kilayim (ed. Krotoschin) | Primary source | Löw | I/194, I/199 |
| Jos. | Joshua | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Jos. bj. | Josephus, Bellum Judaicum (The Jewish War) | Primary source | general | I/192 |
| Josua Benveniste | Joshua Benveniste, Śĕde Jĕhōšuaʿ, commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud, Constantinople 1662 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| jüd. | Jewish (jüdisch) | General | general | I/193 |
| jḤalla | Jerusalem Talmud, tractate Ḥalla (ed. Krotoschin) | Primary source | Löw | I/195 |
| Kaftor | Estori ha-Farḥi, Kaftor waferaḥ (ed. Venice 1549, ed. Edelmann Berlin 1852, ed. Luncz Jerusalem 1899) | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| Kaleb | Aderet Elijahu, Goslow 1835, appendix by Kaleb Afendopulo p. 16 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | I/199 |
| Kaleb Afendopulo | Aderet Elijahu, Goslow 1835, appendix by Kaleb Afendopulo p. 16 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | I/192 |
| Kautzsch | E. Kautzsch (ed.), Die Apokryphen und Pseudepigraphen des Alten Testaments, Tübingen 1900 | Bibliography | general | I/196, I/192 |
| Kašef | Kachef er-rumūz, transl. Leclerc, Paris 1871, in Steinschneider, Heilmittel der Araber | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/196 |
| Kel. | tractate Kelim | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| Kel. Bk. | Kelim Bava Kamma (Tosefta Kelim, first section) | Primary source | general | II/289 |
| kg | kilograms | General | general | I/195 |
| Ki tissa | Ki tissa (weekly portion Exod. 30:11–34:35); the work cited at 76b is unidentified, perhaps the Zohar on this portion | Primary source | ? | I/196 |
| Kidd. | Kiddushin (Babylonian Talmud tractate) | Primary source | general | III/287 |
| Killermann | Sebastian Killermann, Die Blumen des heiligen Landes, Leipzig 1915 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| Kirchheim | Raphael Kirchheim, Septem libri Talmudici parvi Hierosolymitani, Frankfurt a. M. 1851 | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Kohut | Aruch ed. A. Kohut, Vienna 1878-1892 | Bibliography | Löw | III/287 |
| Kroner | Hermann Kroner (on Maimonides), see vol. I p. 208 f. | Bibliography | Löw | I/194 |
| Kroner, Maim. | Hermann Kroner, edition of a medical treatise of Maimonides (see above p. 208 f.) | Bibliography | Löw | I/195 |
| Kroner, Maimūnī | Hermann Kroner, edition of Maimonides' medical work (see above p. 208 f.) | Bibliography | Löw | I/199 |
| L. | Linnaeus (botanical author of the species name) | General | general | I/193, I/195, I/191, I/198, I/200 |
| l. | read (lies) | General | general | I/200 |
| L. fil. | Carl Linnaeus the Younger (Linnaeus filius) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| L. Löw gS. | Leopold Löw, Gesammelte Schriften I-V, Szeged 1889-1900 | Bibliography | Löw | III/287 |
| LA. | Lesart (variant reading) | General | general | I/193, I/196, I/197, II/289, I/199, I/200 |
| LAA. | variant readings (Lesarten) | General | general | I/196, I/197 |
| lat. | Latin | General | general | I/197 |
| Leon da Modena, Bechinaṯ hadaṯ | Leon (Judah Aryeh) da Modena, Beḥinat ha-Dat | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| List | Richard J. H. Gottheil, A list of plants ... from the mĕnārat ḳudšē of Gregorius Bar ʿEbraya, Berlin 1886 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/198, I/199 |
| Luncz | Kaftor waferaḥ, ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899 | Bibliography | Löw | I/196, I/200 |
| Luncz zu Farḥi | Estori ha-Farḥi, Kaftor wa-feraḥ, ed. A. M. Luncz, Jerusalem 1899 (Luncz's notes) | Bibliography | Löw | I/197 |
| Luther | Martin Luther, German translation of the Bible | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| LW. | loanword (Lehnwort) | General | general | I/194 |
| Löw, Flora. | Immanuel Löw, Die Flora der Juden, Wien/Leipzig 1924-1934 | Bibliography | general | II/289 |
| M. J. Landau | Moses Israel Landau, editor of the Aruch (Maʿarikhe Lashon), Prague 1819-1824 | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| M. Zizit | Massekhet Zizit (minor tractate) | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Maas. | tractate Maʿaserot | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| Maas. r. | tractate Maʿaser rishon | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| Maclean | A. J. Maclean, A dictionary of the dialect of vernacular Syriac, Oxford 1901 | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| Maim. | Maimonides | Primary source | general | I/194, I/197, III/287 |
| Maimūnī | Maimonides (commentary on the Mishnah) | Bibliography | general | I/193, III/287, I/200 |
| Malula-Gl. | G. Bergsträsser, Glossar des neuaramäischen Dialekts von Maʿlūla, Leipzig 1921 | Bibliography | general | I/200 |
| Mb. | unidentified Hebrew glossary containing Romance glosses | Bibliography | ? | I/196, I/199, I/200 |
| Meiri, Magen Abot | Menahem ha-Meiri, Magen Avot | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Men. | Menahem | General | general | I/200 |
| Menaḥem b. Salomo | Menaḥem ben Salomo, author of Sechel tob (1139) | Bibliography | general | I/196, I/197 |
| Middeldorpf | Henricus Middeldorpf, Codex Syriaco-Hexaplaris, Berlin 1835 | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Mielck | Mielck (work on Oriental/Palestinian plants; exact title uncertain) | Bibliography | ? | I/195 |
| Mischnakomment. | Mishnah commentary (Mischnakommentar) | General | general | III/287 |
| Moeller | Joseph Moeller, Lehrbuch der Pharmakognosie, 2nd ed., Vienna 1906 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| Moeller ^{2} | Joseph Moeller, Lehrbuch der Pharmakognosie, 2nd ed., Vienna 1906 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| More | Moreh Nevukhim (Guide of the Perplexed) by Maimonides | Primary source | general | III/287 |
| Mowat, Alphita | J. L. G. Mowat (ed.), Alphita: A Medico-Botanical Glossary, Anecdota Oxoniensia, Oxford 1887 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| MS. | Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Breslau | Bibliography | Löw | I/193 |
| ms. | manuscript | General | general | I/200 |
| MT. Hoffm. | Midrash Tannaim, ed. D. Hoffmann, Berlin 1909 | Primary source | Löw | I/193 |
| Musil | Alois Musil, Arabia Petraea III | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/195, I/191, I/192 |
| n | note | General | general | I/193 |
| n. | note | General | general | II/289, I/192, I/198, I/200 |
| n. pr. | nomen proprium (proper name) | General | general | I/193 |
| Nachmānī | Nachmanides (Moses ben Naḥman), Commentary on the Pentateuch | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Natan | probably Nathan ben Abraham, Arabic Mishnah commentary/glossary | Primary source | ? | I/200 |
| naturforsch. | naturforschender (of natural research) | General | general | I/194 |
| Naḥmani | Moses ben Naḥman (Nahmanides), Commentary on the Pentateuch | Primary source | general | I/195 |
| Ned. | tractate Nedarim | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Nikander | Nicander of Colophon (Theriaca) | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| nom. unit. | nomen unitatis (singulative noun) | General | general | I/192 |
| Nr. | number | General | general | I/194 |
| Ns. | Neo-Syriac (neusyrisch) | General | general | I/200 |
| ns. | Neo-Syriac (neusyrisch) | General | general | I/200 |
| Nuwairī | an-Nuwairī, Nihāyat al-arab (Arabic encyclopedist) | Bibliography | general | I/194, I/197, I/199 |
| Nöld. OS. | Orientalische Studien Theodor Nöldeke zum siebzigsten Geburtstag gewidmet, I-II, 1906 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194 |
| Nöld.-OS. | Orientalische Studien Theodor Nöldeke gewidmet, I-II, 1906 | Bibliography | Löw | I/199 |
| O. Uze | Otto Kuntze (botanical author, O. Ktze.; OCR garbled) | Bibliography | ? | I/191 |
| OCh. | Oraḥ Ḥayyim | Primary source | general | I/196, I/197 |
| Oken | Lorenz Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stände (Botanik) | Bibliography | general | I/199 |
| OLZ. | Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Berlin/Leipzig 1898 ff. | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Onkelos | Targum Onkelos | Primary source | general | I/194, I/196 |
| orth. | Orthodox | General | general | III/287 |
| p. | page | General | general | I/193, I/195, I/196, I/197, III/287, I/198, I/200 |
| P. | George E. Post, Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, Beirut 1896 | Bibliography | general | I/195, I/196, I/191, I/198, I/199, I/200 |
| palmyr. | Palmyrene | General | general | I/193 |
| Parḥōn | Salomo ibn Parḥon, Maḥberet he-ʿArukh, ed. Stern, Pressburg 1844 | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| Pea | Mishnah tractate Peah | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| pers. | Persian | General | general | I/199 |
| Pes. | tractate Pesahim | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Peēr hadōr | Peʾer ha-Dor, responsa of Maimonides, Amsterdam 1765 | Primary source | general | I/194 |
| Pf. | Immanuel Löw, Aramäische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 | Bibliography | Löw | I/193, I/192, I/199 |
| ph | Palestinian Hebrew (modern) | General | Löw | I/191 |
| Ph. | Palestinian Hebrew | General | Löw | I/194 |
| Pi. | Piel (Hebrew verbal stem) | General | general | II/289 |
| pl. | plural | General | general | I/192, I/199 |
| Plin. | Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia | Primary source | general | I/195 |
| Plinius | Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia | Primary source | general | I/195, I/198 |
| Posidonius | Posidonius of Apamea | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Post | George E. Post, Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, Beirut 1896 | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Preuss | Julius Preuss, Biblisch-talmudische Medizin, Berlin 1911 | Bibliography | Löw | I/197 |
| PSm. | R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus syriacus, Oxford 1879 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/198, I/200 |
| R. | Rabbi | General | general | I/193, III/287, I/191, I/200 |
| R. D. Kimḥī | Rabbi David Kimḥī (Radak), Sefer ha-Shorashim / biblical commentaries | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| R. Gēršōm | Rabbenu Gershom (Gershom ben Judah of Mainz) | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| Rapoport, Erech Millin | S. J. L. Rapoport, Erekh Millin, Prague 1852 | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Ratner | B. Ratner, Ahawath Zion wīrūšalajim, variants and supplements to the text of the Jerusalem Talmud, Vilna 1901-1913 | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| Raši | Rashi (Solomon ben Isaac), commentary | Primary source | general | I/196, II/289, I/200 |
| RDK. | Rabbi David Kimhi (here his Sefer ha-Shorashim) | Primary source | Löw | I/197, I/192, I/200 |
| REJ. | Revue des Etudes Juives, Paris 1880 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | II/289, I/200 |
| Rh. | Rosh ha-Shanah (Babylonian Talmud tractate) | Primary source | general | I/194 |
| Ri. | Judges (Richter) | Primary source | general | I/192 |
| Ritter | Carl Ritter, Erdkunde von Asien | Bibliography | Löw | I/195, I/198 |
| RMbN. | Rabbi Moses ben Nachman (Nachmanides), Commentary on the Torah | Primary source | general | I/197 |
| Robinson | Edward Robinson, Palästina, Halle 1841 ff. | Bibliography | Löw | I/193, I/194 |
| Rokeach | Sefer ha-Roqeaḥ by Eleazar of Worms, Zolkiew edition | Primary source | general | III/287 |
| Romm | Romm edition (Vilna) of the Babylonian Talmud | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Romm. | Romm edition (Vilna) of the Talmud | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Rosen | Rosen (probably Georg Rosen), cited in Löw, Aramäische Pflanzennamen | Bibliography | ? | I/193 |
| Rothstein | J. W. Rothstein, translation of Ezekiel in E. Kautzsch (ed.), Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| Roubinovitch, ḥiddūšīm | Roubinovitch, Ḥiddūšīm (Hebrew work) | Bibliography | ? | I/196 |
| RḤ. | Rabbenu Ḥananel (commentary) | Primary source | general | II/289 |
| S. | page (Seite) | General | general | I/194, II/289, I/191, I/198, I/200 |
| s. | see | General | general | I/199 |
| S. Klein | Samuel Klein, professor in Jerusalem | Bibliography | Löw | I/193 |
| Sabb. | tractate Shabbat | Primary source | general | I/193, I/197 |
| Sachau Inedita | Eduard Sachau, Inedita Syriaca, Wien 1870 | Bibliography | general | I/194 |
| Sachau, Inedita | Eduard Sachau, Inedita Syriaca, Vienna 1870 | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Salm. Hyl. | Claudius Salmasius, De homonymis hyles iatricae (Plinianae exercitationes), Utrecht 1689 | Bibliography | general | I/194 |
| Salomo Ibn Melech | Salomo Ibn Melech, Mikhlal Yofi (Bible commentary), Constantinople 1549 | Bibliography | general | I/192 |
| samar. | Samaritan (Targum) | General | general | I/196 |
| Samar. | Samaritan (Targum) | General | general | I/199 |
| Sarre-Hzfld. | Friedrich Sarre and Ernst Herzfeld, Archäologische Reise im Euphrat- und Tigris-Gebiet, Berlin 1911-1920 | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| SchA | Shulḥan ʿArukh | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| SchA. | Shulchan Arukh | Primary source | general | I/197 |
| Schrader RL. | Otto Schrader, Reallexikon der indogermanischen Altertumskunde, Strassburg 1901 | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| Schwarz | A. Schwarz's Tosefta editions and commentary | Bibliography | Löw | I/193 |
| Schwarz, Tebuot haareṣ | Joseph Schwarz, Tevuot ha-Aretz (Das heilige Land), Hebrew ed. Luncz, Jerusalem 1900 | Bibliography | Löw | I/193 |
| Schwarz, Tosifta | A. Schwarz, Tosefta editions and commentary | Bibliography | Löw | I/200 |
| Schürer^{2} | Emil Schürer, Geschichte des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi, 2nd edition, Leipzig 1886-1890 | Bibliography | general | III/287 |
| Sechel tob | Menaḥem ben Salomo, Sechel tob, ed. S. Buber, Berlin 1900 | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| Sechel tōb | Sekhel Tov of Menahem ben Solomon, ed. S. Buber, Berlin 1900 | Primary source | general | I/200 |
| Semag | Sefer Mitzwot Gadol of Moses of Coucy (lāwīn = prohibitions) | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| Semaḥ. | tractate Semahot | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Sergius | Sergius of Rēšʿainā, Syriac translator of Galen | Bibliography | general | I/194 |
| Sha | M. Steinschneider, Heilmittelnamen der Araber, WZKM XI-XII | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/195, I/196, I/198, I/199 |
| Sifra | Sifra (tannaitic midrash on Leviticus) | Primary source | general | II/289, I/200 |
| Sifre | Sifre (tannaitic midrash on Numbers and Deuteronomy) | Primary source | general | II/289 |
| Silberberg, Dināwarī | Silberberg, Das Pflanzenbuch des Abū Ḥanīfa Aḥmed ibn Dāūd ad-Dīnawarī, Straßburg 1910 | Bibliography | Löw | I/197 |
| Sir. | Sirach (Ben Sira) | Primary source | general | I/196, II/289 |
| Sirach | Ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus) | Primary source | general | I/192 |
| Soc. | Isaac Bayley Balfour, Botany of Socotra, Edinburgh 1888 | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Socin, Ortsapell. | Albert Socin, article on Arabic place appellatives (Ortsappellativa), in ZDPV 22 | Bibliography | general | I/193 |
| Spr. | edition of Dioscorides by Sprengel | Bibliography | Löw | I/197, I/198 |
| st. | died (gestorben) | General | general | I/196, I/192, I/198 |
| St. | Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel (botanical author) | Bibliography | general | I/191 |
| Stocks | John Ellerton Stocks (botanical author) | General | general | I/198 |
| Strassburger | Strasburger, Lehrbuch der Botanik, 15th ed., Jena 1921 | Bibliography | Löw | I/195 |
| Strassburger ^{15} | Eduard Strasburger et al., Lehrbuch der Botanik, 15th ed., Jena 1921 | Bibliography | Löw | I/195 |
| sv. | sub voce (under the word) | General | general | I/195, I/197, I/199, I/200 |
| Syn. | synonym | General | general | I/191 |
| syr. | Syriac | General | general | I/197, I/198, I/199 |
| Südenhorst, Syrien | Südenhorst, Syrien und seine Bedeutung für den Welthandel, Vienna 1873 | Bibliography | Löw | I/198 |
| T. | Tosefta, ed. Zuckermandel | Primary source | Löw | I/193, II/289, I/200 |
| Tanḥūm | Tanḥum ha-Yerushalmi, al-Murshid al-kāfī (lexicon to Maimonides' Mishneh Torah) | Bibliography | general | I/197 |
| Targ. | Targum | Primary source | general | I/193, I/194 |
| Targ. j | Targum Jerushalmi (Pseudo-Jonathan) | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| term. techn. | terminus technicus (technical term) | General | general | II/289 |
| Theophrast | Theophrastus, Historia plantarum | Bibliography | general | I/198 |
| TMen | Tosefta Menahot | Primary source | Löw | I/193 |
| Tournefort | Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Relation d'un voyage du Levant, Paris 1717 | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| TSabb. | Tosefta, tractate Shabbat, ed. Zuckermandel | Primary source | Löw | I/197 |
| Tschirch | A. Tschirch, Handbuch der Pharmakognosie I-III, Leipzig 1909-1923 | Bibliography | Löw | I/196, I/199 |
| Tur | Arbaʿa Ṭurim of Jacob ben Asher | Primary source | general | I/196, I/197 |
| TW. | Jacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim (Targumwörterbuch), I-II, Leipzig 1867 | Bibliography | Löw | I/194, I/198 |
| türk. | Turkish | General | general | I/199 |
| TŠvi | Tosefta Shevi'it, ed. Zuckermandel | Primary source | Löw | I/193, I/200 |
| u. | und (and) | General | general | I/195 |
| u. a. | and others (und andere) | General | general | I/192, I/199 |
| v. | of (von) | General | general | I/194, I/195, I/199 |
| v. C. | before Christ (vor Christus) | General | general | I/198 |
| v. d. | von der (of the) | General | general | II/289 |
| v. u. | from below (von unten) | General | general | I/200 |
| var. | varietas (variety) | General | general | I/191 |
| Ven. | Kaftor waferaḥ, Venice edition 1549 | Bibliography | Löw | I/196 |
| Venetianer | Ludwig Venetianer, Asaf Judaeus, Straßburg I. II. 1916/17 | Bibliography | Löw | I/197 |
| Vietz | Ferdinand Bernhard Vietz, Icones plantarum medico-oeconomico-technologicarum, Vienna 1800-1822 | Bibliography | general | I/195 |
| Vullers | J. A. Vullers, Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum, Bonn 1855-1867 | Bibliography | general | I/196 |
| W. | edition of Dioscorides by Wellmann | Bibliography | Löw | I/197 |
| WB. | dictionary (Wörterbuch) | General | general | I/200 |
| Wetzstein | Johann Gottfried Wetzstein (notes communicated to Löw, cited in Aramäische Pflanzennamen) | Bibliography | general | I/192, I/199 |
| Z. | line (Zeile) | General | general | I/200 |
| z. B. | zum Beispiel (for example) | General | general | II/289, I/199 |
| z. St. | on the passage (zur Stelle) | General | general | I/198, I/200 |
| ZAW. | Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft | Bibliography | Löw | I/193 |
| ZDMG. | Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft | Bibliography | Löw | I/196, I/197, I/191, I/198, I/199 |
| ZDPV. | Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | Bibliography | Löw | I/193, I/194, I/195, I/191, I/192, I/198, I/200 |
| Zimmern AF. | H. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter, Leipzig 1919 | Bibliography | Löw | I/193 |
| Zimmern, AF. | H. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter, Leipzig 1919 | Bibliography | Löw | I/198 |
| Zuckermandel, Errata | M. S. Zuckermandel, Tosefta edition, errata | Bibliography | general | I/200 |
| Zēdā lederech | Ṣēdā la-derekh by Menaḥem ibn Zeraḥ | Primary source | general | I/196 |
| Šibbŏlē | Shibbole ha-Leket, ed. S. Buber, Vilna 1886 | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Švi | Mishnah tractate Shevi'it | Primary source | general | I/193 |
| Švi. | Shevi'it (Mishnah/Tosefta tractate) | Primary source | general | II/289 |
| ב״ח | Bayit Ḥadash by Joel Sirkes | Primary source | general | I/197 |
| Ḳazwīnī | Zakariyyā al-Qazwīnī, ʿAjāʾib al-makhlūqāt (Kosmographie), ed. Wüstenfeld | Bibliography | general | I/199 |